Canine Distemper

Every dog owner wants to protect their pet from illnesses, and one common disease, called canine distemper, is a global concern. Puppies are the most vulnerable and often die from this disease.

Humans can have a subclinical infection with distemper, but anyone vaccinated against measles will be immune, as the two diseases are related.

Transmission of Canine Distemper

The disease can spread through contact with bodily secretions and nasal discharge from an infected animal, but it is most commonly transmitted through inhalation of airborne particles.

How Can It Be Prevented?

All dogs and breeds are at risk of contracting distemper, with unvaccinated senior dogs and especially puppies being at the highest risk, as their immune systems are still immature. There is no cure for distemper; prevention is the only solution. Since the development of the vaccine in the early 1960s, the number of deaths associated with this disease has significantly decreased. At one time, canine distemper was the leading cause of death among domestic dogs.



Vaccination is the way to protect your dog. Until the pet is vaccinated, extra caution is needed outdoors. As airborne transmission is the most common form of infection, extra care should be taken in parks, dog runs, kennels, and grooming facilities. Avoid exposing your dog to any unfamiliar animals, including wildlife, as sporadic outbreaks of the disease are often linked to wild animal populations. The canine distemper virus (a paramyxovirus) also affects ferrets, foxes, minks, and other carnivores.

Puppies in the high-risk group can be vaccinated as early as 6 weeks of age and should receive booster shots every 3–4 weeks until they are 16 months old. Newborn puppies should be kept away from other dogs and potential sources of infection until vaccinated. Adult dogs should continue receiving annual vaccinations.

Symptoms of Distemper in Dogs

Once inside the body, the infection replicates in the lymph nodes, although dogs may appear completely normal for a few days after actual exposure. Initial symptoms of distemper can include:

• Loss of appetite
• Runny nose
• Watery eyes
• Diarrhea
• Coughing
• Difficulty breathing
• Sore throat
• Vomiting

Treatment

There is no cure for the actual canine distemper disease, but supportive treatments focus on managing the spread and severity of secondary issues, such as vomiting, diarrhea, and fluid discharge.
Providing a warm, draft-free environment and proper care can help keep the dog as safe and comfortable as possible.

A veterinarian will likely use antibiotics and medications to manage nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, pneumonia, twitching, and spasms. Monitoring the dog for dehydration is also critical.

Recovery

After recovering, an infected animal may still be a carrier and should be quarantined for at least 2 weeks to reduce the risk of infecting other animals.

Prevention and vaccination remain the best options.
If during treatment or recovery the dog seems to feel well, the owner should still avoid taking the animal outside, as colder air and ground can worsen the respiratory issues with potentially severe consequences. Distemper is an extremely serious disease, and if canine distemper is suspected, it is vital to seek immediate veterinary assistance and treatment.