8 Causes of Fecal Incontinence in Cats

Fecal Incontinence in Cats: Causes and Treatment Options

Fecal incontinence in cats is a concerning condition that can be quite distressing for a cat, as they are naturally clean animals. The inability to control their bowel movements can be very unpleasant for them. There are several different causes of fecal incontinence, and identifying the correct cause is crucial since it will determine whether the condition can be treated.

Diarrhea in Cats

This is the most common cause of fecal incontinence in cats and, fortunately, one of the easiest to treat. Diarrhea can be triggered by various factors, such as eating something inappropriate, infections, or an improper diet. The increased frequency of loose stools may catch the cat off guard, but it usually resolves quickly once the underlying cause of diarrhea is treated.

Constipation

Sometimes the pressure caused by straining during constipation can lead to fecal incontinence. This happens when liquid stool passes around a fecal blockage and leaks out, as the rectum becomes inflamed from the straining. Treating constipation usually resolves this issue, provided there are no long-term damages, such as the development of megacolon.

Megacolon

Megacolon is a condition where the rectum becomes stretched or enlarged, which hinders its ability to function properly. It can be caused by blockages, constipation, strictures, or cancer, but often it occurs without any clear trigger. Idiopathic megacolon is particularly difficult to treat. Some cats may need lifelong management, involving a combination of medications and a high-fiber diet to maintain rectal function and motility.

Intestinal Worms

Inflammation caused by intestinal worms, especially in young cats, can lead to hypermotility (increased frequency and intensity of bowel movements) and result in incontinence. Treating and preventing intestinal worms can resolve this issue.

Age

In older cats, the elasticity of the anal sphincter can weaken, leading to fecal incontinence. A high-quality diet can help reduce the frequency of age-related incontinence, but occasional incidents may still occur. It’s important to take an aging cat to the vet, as incontinence could also be a sign of arthritis.

Arthritis

Older cats often suffer from arthritis, particularly in the elbows, hips, and knees. When this happens, it becomes harder for them to maintain a proper posture for defecating, which may lead to delaying bathroom trips to avoid discomfort. This can cause stool buildup and pressure on the sphincter, which might result in incontinence. Administering anti-inflammatory pain medication can improve their quality of life.

Injury

Injuries to the pelvis, tail, or spine can damage the nerves that control the anal sphincter. Cats often suffer pelvic fractures when hit by a car, which can compress these nerves. Tail injuries may also cause nerve damage that affects the control of both the anal and urinary sphincters, bladder tone, and even the movement of the hind limbs. Surgical intervention for pelvic fractures can restore nerve function, though not all pelvic fractures require surgery. It is important to monitor a cat’s bathroom habits after such injuries.

Cancer

Tumors affecting the anal sacs, anal sphincter, or rectum can deform the anus and lead to fecal incontinence. Depending on the size, location, and type of tumor, surgical removal may solve the problem. However, surgery in this area is often complex and can itself cause issues with the structures and nerves involved.